Public spaces for children: Too few to count
Amusement parks and entertainment centres may have proliferated, but we need real public spaces for children that are engaging, creative and fun. Where we dont need to pay a fee to let them enjoy themselves. And where all of us can be children again…………Himanshu Burte
Our cities are expanding, filling up, going higher and digging down. But have we left our kids behind in the rush?
Everyone needs dedicated spaces, but most of all children, says Sujata Noronha, an educationist based in Panjim. They come into this world which is already set up and have to find their space within it. Also, a large majority of children grow up with no spaces that are designed for them to be.
Its not just that there are no exciting places to go to. Cities everywhere are also perceived to be less safe for kids today. Richard Louv, an American writer, mentions research which suggests that the distance children can travel alone outside their homes in the US has shrunk to one-ninth of what it was in 1970.
So what happens if children have nowhere to go (and nothing to do)? Well, television happens. A generation of children is growing up and learning about the world watching television, rather than by doing things with their bodies and minds, rues Noronha.
The many weaknesses of Indian urban management show up most sharply in spaces for play. Many of the spaces reserved for playgrounds remain improperly designed and maintained. Play equipment for smaller children is rarely attractive and safe. Worse, much of it is usually of a standard design that does not challenge children in new and varied ways.
I visited a childrens play area in Kohima, assembled for the annual Hornbill festival in 2007. It showed that stimulating design can be inexpensive, fun, friendly, inclusive and eco-sensitive. Built with locally available bamboo and thick nylon rope, it offered attractive and manageable challenges for children of different ages. Some pieces appeared deceptively easy to begin withsuch as walking up a ramp of bamboos laid acrossand only revealed their complexity once you started climbing. Others were obviously complex (but enjoyable) challengessuch as the ladder where each step was a vertical bamboo suspended from two ropes, and which swung as you stepped on it!
Learn
Children perhaps learn more outside school. In India, we just dont seem to be able to set up institutions such as the Childrens Museum of Manhattan (CMOM), New York. This is not a museum as much as it is an active learning and exploration centre. It has a range of exhibits and activitiesfrom panels and interactive monitors about the history of ancient Greece to a wonderful backyard where children can play with water in different ways to intuitively understand its possibilities. Our own science centres, or the likes of HALs Aerospace Museum in Bangalore, have the core content to engage little minds, but never try to create a stimulating environment. Exceptions exist, such as Bookworm in Panjim, the childrens library and activity centre started by Sujata Noronha and Elaine Mendonca. In its three years of existence in a two-bedroom apartment in the city, the personally-financed Bookworm has impacted the lives of 600 children. Noronha and Mendonca also systematically lend mini-libraries of books out to rural schools in the citys hinterland.
Explore
Nature is perhaps the most critical resource for the child to explore. And each city or place has its own unique resourcesHyderabad, its rocky landscape, Bangalore, its fast-vanishing lakes, or Mumbai, its big beaches. Less urban landscapes offer fields and forests of varying sizes. These can be seen as potential spaces of exploration rather than fertile soil for concrete jungles.
And if there is no nice nature around, Nek Chand has shown in Chandigarh what can be done with waste construction material. Just behind the serious high court building, Nek Chand, once a road engineer with the government, quietly (and initially without official sanction) built, over two or three decades, the Rock Garden, a wonderland out of waste from construction work. Perhaps unrivalled anywhere (and superior in some ways to Antoni Gaudis famous Parc Guell in Barcelona) in its unique whimsicality, and the fantasy landscape it offers, the Rock Garden needs more monetary and managerial support.
Work
Most schools feel like the factories that their history is closely tied to. The other choice is the expensive and deadening five-star ambience of elite schools everywhere. But not at Kids Foundation in Imphalits very construction is an act of optimism in a land scarred by violence. Its concept is unusual. The school has classrooms, a playspace, an art gallery and even an artist-in-residence. After school in the evening, the playspace is open at a small fee for all children (and accompanying adults). The grounds as well as the architecture are colourful, interestingly shaped and have a variety of things to engage the attention of the child. Theres even a birdcage in the veranda.
Connect
Kala Akademi in Panjim, designed by Charles Correa, is a cultural institution but also a place many children ask to go to just to enjoy its many featuresa large lawn by the river, many seat clusters that are like play equipment, a ramp to run up and down, and the generally colourful ambience. By attracting children and adults alike, it also becomes a place where children can freely begin to connect with the adult world while being entirely at home in public. Perhaps the Dutch architect Aldo van Eyck was right. If cities are not meant for children, they are not meant for citizens either. If they are not meant for citizensourselvesthey are not cities.