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Techniques used in villages for Rain Water Harvesting
Bund: It is a wall to retain
run-off water. It is used to make ponds. In Raigad district it is built out
of stone masonry because the soil is too pervious as it allows water to seep
through.
Gabions: Gabions are bunds in
which chain links are used to hold the rocks together. This way the strength
of the bunds is more than loose boulder structure. In traditional water shed
management, these structures are used on large streams, while in Konkan,
however the Gabions are needed even on smaller streams as the boulder bunds
give way in heavy rainfall.
Re-charged Pond: Also known
as percolation pond, it holds rain water and make it to percolate
underground thereby strengthening the springs of the wells and borewells
downstream.
Cordoning of springs: This is done to extend life of
the springs. Many springs yield water till December while others till
March. After this they all dry up. In this technique, a wall is built in
front of the spring mouth so that the water coming out of the spring is
collected in the small enclosure created by teh wall. Depending on the
yield of the spring and the height of the wall, the accumulated water
exerts back pressure on the spring. Thus the water in the spring remains
in the hill for longer time. Due to this the spring may yield, higher
quantity of water, later on.
Sub-surface wall: It is a wall built from the base of a
stream upto sand layer. It may not be visible from the surface. This wall
helps in bunding under the sand flow which happens after winter. The walls
are located in such a manner as to benefit a well or borewells downstream.
Check dam: It is a bund on a stream. The site for this
structure has a more or less flat stream bed so that by building a small
wall, accumulated water can reach considerable length, thereby recharging
teh soil with fresh water. There is no submergence of land.
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